Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture (2024)

Dominika Zielinska's bakery by Frédéric Aguilhon / ReportagePhotosSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

The baguette began life in the 20th century, just after the appearance of baker's yeast. It therefore has a direct connection to this breakthrough. Sourdough bread, on the other hand, is often a flagship product of boulangeries, after a return

to popularity brought about in the 1980s by Lionel Poilâne's famous Pain Poilâne.
But every French baker must make a choice between these two different fermenting agents.

Mickaël Chesnouard, Meilleur ouvrier de France by Mickaël ChesnouardSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Bread fermentation

Leavened bread is a fermented foodstuff, unlike its unleavened counterpart or buckwheat pancakes. Fermentation happens when fermenting agents (starters and bacteria) interact with fermentable sugars, which are the sugars contained within wheat (or other grain) flour, and break them down chemically.

Bakery Gosselin by Thomas DéronSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What is yeast?

Yeast is a microscopic fungus (around 1/7,000 mm) and is therefore a single-celled organism. A piece of yeast weighing 0.03 oz. Like every living being, yeast needs to eat. It feeds on sugar, and in doing so, transforms it into different compounds.

The most well-known and widely used of these are the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (meaning beer sugar mushrooms), but many other kinds of yeast exist, too.

Levain dur by Vincent FerniotSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

The result of sugar being consumed by yeast

This process differs depending on whether yeast or a sourdough starter is used.
Yeast feeds on wheat starch (a kind of sugar), releasing carbonated gas from it. Baker's yeast turns the sugar into alcohol (a very low volume which evaporates away as the dough is baked) and into carbonated gas.
Sourdough starters turn the sugar into carbonated gas and lactic (and acetic) acid, which give this bread its sour flavor.

Mie alvéoléeSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

How does fermentation act on the bread dough?

The two main outcomes of bread dough fermentation are bubble formation (the distinctive air pockets that form after baking) and the enrichment of the aromas. Like any other kind of fermentation, the process makes the food easier to digest by predigesting it.

Portrait Kinga Klusak dans son fournil by Abril M BarruecosSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What's the difference between a starter and baker's yeast?

Starters, the original rising product, are prepared by bakers before they make the bread. They come from a culture of yeasts and lactic bacteria that are left to develop naturally in a mix of flour and water left exposed to fresh air. Baker's yeast is an industrial product of the 19th century. It is a standardized product made by selecting and allowing certain yeast types to multiply in order to achieve a faster, more controlled fermentation.

Hot, but not too hot: the dough needs to be kept at the right temperature so the yeast can produce a good fermentation. Too cold: the microorganisms are affected by the cold. They become dormant, and the dough doesn't rise enough. Hot: the microorganisms act quickly but not in the desired way. The bread won't have the time needed to bring out its aromas, and it will go stale quickly since it also won't have the time to trap water in its glutinous network. Very hot: the yeast is cooked, the bacteria die out, and the dough doesn't rise at all.

Mickaël Chesnouard by M Gain Nathanaël et le magasin M Crampon FrancoisSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What is gluten?

Gluten is the protein that is the building block of leavened bread. It occurs naturally in wheat (even more so in traditional wheat species). During fermentation, it binds to carbohydrates and other proteins to form a stretchy glutinous network. This network holds the bread together by trapping the gas bubbles. Without gluten, bread collapses when it is cooled.

Is gluten bad for your health? Gluten does not bring any health risks apart from risks for people with celiac disease (an acute gluten intolerance), who make up around 1% of the population. It's undeserved reputation as indigestible seems to stem largely from other factors of the bread-making process: the excessive use of additives in industrially produced bread, undercooking, and intestinal sensitivity to fermentable sugars that are more often present in white bread.

Mickaël Chesnouard, Meilleur ouvrier de France by Mickaël ChesnouardSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

So are baguettes made using yeast or starters?

Under the official decree that defines a Baguette de Tradition Française (Traditional Baguette) under French law, both yeast and starters are permitted, either separately or together. This is left up to the preference of artisan French bakers.

Bakery Kayser - Israel by KayserSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Sourdough baguette

This is a traditional shape (farmhouse bread) that gives free reign to the baker's creativity. Sourdough produces a small amount of gas, and the dough rises slowly, but it produces what is known as lactic fermentation, similar to what happens in yogurt or sauerkraut. This gives the bread a fuller flavor and sourness, and makes it easier to digest.

Bakery Gosselin by Thomas DéronSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

A baguette made from baker's yeast

This is a more modern type of baguette, which is easier for the baker to control since the yeast purchased is always near-identical in its composition, and the dough rises more quickly thanks to its accelerated fermentation. It has a much sweeter flavor and a subtler aroma. The baker will add aroma later while roasting the bread during the baking process.

A mix of sourdough starter and baker's yeast This is the middle ground adopted by a number of artisan bakers who are keen to take advantage of the benefits of both categories of fermenting agents. The inimitable signature aroma of sourdough and the ease of use of yeast. It's then up to the client to choose what they prefer.

Credits: Story

Vincent Ferniot

Credits: All media

The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.

Société nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Stories from Société nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Online Exhibit10 things to know about the baguetteSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitWomen who changed their careerSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitPopular French expressions related to breadSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitA school for a second chanceSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitA day in the life of a French bakerSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitBaguette ID cardSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitThe baguette is also a story told in numbersSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitBread should never be thrown awaySociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitLife as an MOF-boulangerSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France
Online ExhibitBread in popular cultureSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Explore more

Related theme

La Baguette

Featuring more than 2000 images and 75+ Stories from historians, French bakers and culinary experts, La Baguette gives a fragrant taste of the iconic French bread, listed as UNESCO's intangible heritage. Try the game “Baguette Sprint” to learn in a playful way.

View theme
Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture (2024)

FAQs

Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture? ›

Baker's yeast turns the sugar into alcohol (a very low volume which evaporates away as the dough is baked) and into carbonated gas. Sourdough starters turn the sugar into carbonated gas and lactic (and acetic) acid, which give this bread its sour flavor.

Which is better yeast or sourdough starter? ›

It turns out that Sourdough Bread Starter is better for you, far healthier than the dry yeast many manufacturers and home cooks have been using to make bread. Powdered yeast is processed to rise the bread really fast. It is not meant to break down gluten or Phytic Acid the same way that natural sourdough yeast does.

What is the difference between sourdough starter and sourdough culture? ›

The culture is maintained indefinitely, fed with fresh flour and water (also called refreshing) consistently. A sourdough starter is used to seed fermentation in new dough when baking bread and is responsible for leavening (making rise) and flavoring a loaf of sourdough bread.

Why is sourdough better than yeast? ›

Sourdough relies on a mix of wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria, rather than baker's yeast, to leaven the dough. It's richer in nutrients, less likely to spike your blood sugar, contains lower amounts of gluten, and is generally easier to digest than bread made with baker's yeast.

Can you use both sourdough starter and yeast? ›

In fact, many of the most popular sourdough bread recipes on our site (e.g., Rustic Sourdough Bread, Whole Wheat and Rye Sourdough Bread) include commercial yeast along with starter.

Can I replace yeast with sourdough starter? ›

The rising power of one packet of yeast is about equivalent to one cup of sourdough starter, depending on the health of your starter. Knowing these two factors you can approximate a substitution of one cup of sourdough starter for one packet of commercial yeast.

Does sourdough starter take longer to rise than yeast? ›

Commercial yeast has been harnessed and manipulated to work in a short amount of time. It only needs an hour or two to rise fully. A sourdough starter may take up to 12 hours or longer to rise your bread dough.

When should you not use sourdough starter? ›

After a few days, your daily 1/4 cup flour and water won't be enough to sustain your entire jar of starter, and your starter will be slow and sluggish, not much better than discard itself. But that's not necessarily a bad thing, depending on what you want to bake with it.

Does Panera use sourdough starter? ›

While our business has expanded well beyond St. Louis since then, that same sourdough starter is still used in our iconic sourdough bread and the craft of baking bread fresh each day remains at the heart of Panera Bread.

Is grocery store sourdough real sourdough? ›

Despite the fact that traditional sourdough ingredients are flour, water, and salt, many store-bought versions include added yeast, ascorbic acid, vinegar, and oil. So, although many grocery stores may carry bread labeled “sourdough”, more often than not they are in fact fake sourdough.

Is sourdough better than yeast for gut health? ›

While baker's yeast is unable to break down the phytate complex, sourdough organisms can break down the complex very effectively. This could increase the amount of minerals available for absorption in the human gut (Leenhardt et al., 2005; Nionelli & Rizzello, 2016).

Is it okay to eat sourdough bread every day? ›

Health benefits of sourdough. The type of flour used — all-purpose, whole wheat, rye — can affect the nutritional content of sourdough bread, says Wee. But generally speaking, sourdough bread is a healthy option and can be eaten regularly as part of a nutritious, balanced diet.

What are the pros and cons of sourdough? ›

It's easier on your digestive system, typically has a lower impact on blood sugar, contains prebiotics, and has more readily available nutrients. However, it typically does not contain as much fiber as whole wheat and other whole-grain breads.

What is the best flour for sourdough starter? ›

The best flour blend for creating a new sourdough starter is 50% whole-meal flour (whole wheat or whole rye) and 50% bread flour or all-purpose flour. I recommend a 50/50 mix of whole wheat flour and bread flour. Why do you need to use these two types of flour?

How much sourdough starter is equal to one package of yeast? ›

As a general rule, 100g of sourdough starter can be used to replace one packet of yeast (a packet usually contains 5-7g of commercial yeast).

What is the difference between store bought yeast and sourdough starter? ›

The main differences between yeast and sourdough starter are the time in which they take to leaven bread. Because of the way commercial yeast has been honed, it rises bread very quickly. In comparison, the wild yeast contained in sourdough starter can take many hours, even days, to rise bread.

Why is sourdough starter better? ›

Unlike baking yeast, which provides a quick rise, a sourdough starter requires a longer fermentation process, resulting in a more complex and tangy taste. Additionally, sourdough starters enhance the nutritional value of bread by breaking down gluten and making it easier to digest.

Is yeast-free bread better for you? ›

For health conscious consumers yeast free bread has many benefits and is recommended for people suffering from Diabetes, Candida and other digestive problems. Eating most types of regular bread creates sugar in our body's when our body breaks down the bread into carbohydrates and simple sugars.

Is sourdough cheaper than yeast? ›

In a nutshell, if you are making a lot of bread, the sourdough starter will be cheaper than yeast.

Is it better to buy sourdough starter or make it? ›

Making your own sourdough starter, or cutting to the point and buying one depends on your patience, time and sometimes skills. Some people battle for months trying to get one going, wasting huge amounts of flour while others crack it and get a sourdough starter going within a few days to a couple weeks.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Pres. Carey Rath

Last Updated:

Views: 6063

Rating: 4 / 5 (41 voted)

Reviews: 80% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Pres. Carey Rath

Birthday: 1997-03-06

Address: 14955 Ledner Trail, East Rodrickfort, NE 85127-8369

Phone: +18682428114917

Job: National Technology Representative

Hobby: Sand art, Drama, Web surfing, Cycling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Leather crafting, Creative writing

Introduction: My name is Pres. Carey Rath, I am a faithful, funny, vast, joyous, lively, brave, glamorous person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.