Have medical debt? Anything already paid or under $500 should no longer be on your credit report | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2024)

Nearly 1-in-5 households in the United States has reported having some form of overdue medical debt. Patients and their families are contacted by debt collectors about medical bills more than any other type of debt, and it commonly results in negative information appearing on credit records. In fact, in 2021, 43 million people had allegedly unpaid medical bills on their credit reports.

Congress, federal agencies, and others have taken steps to respond to the medical debt crisis confronting millions of families. Congress passed the No Surprises Act to help protect Americans from certain unexpected medical bills, including surprise medical bills for emergency services from out-of-network providers. In addition, the CFPB told debt collectors and consumer credit reporting companies that they can’t collect, furnish, or report any invalid medical debt.

The three nationwide credit reporting companies – Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion – also removed all paid medical debts from consumer credit reports and those less than a year old. They have also taken steps to remove all medical collections under $500. This last step went into effect on April 11, 2023, and with this change, it’s estimated that roughly half of those with medical debt on their reports will have it removed from their credit history.

If you’re one of the millions of Americans with overdue medical bills, you may be able to take steps to ensure this information no longer affects your credit, including your access to employment and housing.

Check your credit report

The changes recently introduced by the nationwide credit reporting companies cover all medical bills reported to them by debt collectors, also known as medical collections. One of the first steps you can take is to check your credit reports for any outstanding medical bills. Currently, Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion are offering free online credit reports once a week through AnnualCreditReport.com.

  • If you previously had a medical collection under $500, a paid medical collection, or a collection less than a year old on your credit report, check to make sure they no longer appear on your reports. Be aware, however, that this doesn’t include credit card collections, even if you used your credit card to pay for a medical expense under $500.
  • Also, while you’re looking at your reports, check for any other information that might be inaccurate.
  • If you find a medical collection under $500, a paid medical collection, a collection less than a year old, or errors on your report, you can dispute that information with the credit reporting company.

In addition, the nationwide credit reporting companies have announced that they’re extending the amount of time you have to dispute, negotiate, or pay for any outstanding bills before they can be reported. Previously, unpaid medical bills were generally furnished to credit reporting companies after 60 to 120 days, but the nationwide credit reporting companies are now waiting one year from the time you saw a doctor before they’re allowing medical debt to appear on your credit report. If you’re unable to pay your medical bills, you may qualify for financial assistance programs, often called “charity care.”

Can’t resolve medical debt concerns? Submit a complaint

We expect that the No Surprises Act, the recent actions by credit reporting companies, and the CFPB’s own actions and guidance will reduce the challenges many families face after they receive medical care. The CFPB also wants to ensure that the credit reporting companies are doing their jobs to investigate any information that people dispute.

If you find invalid medical bills on your credit report or if you’re having issues disputing other medical bill errors with the credit reporting companies, submit a complaint to the CFPB.

Have medical debt? Anything already paid or under $500 should no longer be on your credit report | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2024)

FAQs

Will medical bills under $500 be removed from credit report? ›

Check your reports to make sure that your paid medical collections no longer appear. In April 2023, all three credit bureaus announced the removal of unpaid medical collections with an initial balance of less than $500 from credit reports.

Is medical debt no longer reported to credit bureaus? ›

Unpaid medical bills can torpedo your credit score.

In 2022, the three largest credit bureaus — TransUnion, Equifax and Experian — started removing paid medical debts from consumers' credit reports. The following year, they stopped including outstanding balances under $500.

What is the new rule for medical collections on credit reports? ›

Following the release of a CFPB report in March 2022 that found that Americans owed $88 billion in unpaid medical bills, the three largest credit reporting agencies announced that they would no longer include paid medical debts, unpaid medical debts less than a year old, and medical debt under $500 from credit ...

Do medical bills affect your credit if they go to collections? ›

Any new medical collections under $500 also won't appear on credit reports as well. If your medical debt is over $500, you still have time. Specifically, the credit bureaus provide a 365-day waiting period before unpaid medical collections appear on a consumer's credit record.

Are medical collections removed after paid? ›

In July 2022, the credit bureaus removed paid medical collections from credit reports and stopped reporting unpaid medical collections until those debts were one year old, as opposed to the previous six-month grace period.

Can medical debt be forgiven? ›

Generally, medical debt forgiveness is based on your income, household size and other factors. You can contact your medical provider for more specific qualification requirements. Typically, hospitals and other health care providers will work with you to reduce your debt.

What is the FCRA law for medical debt? ›

First, the law bans healthcare providers from furnishing medical debt to consumer reporting agencies. Second, the law requires that healthcare providers' contracts with debt collectors ban the debt collectors from reporting medical debt.

How much medical debt is the average American in? ›

The average medical balance on credit reports increased from $2,000 to over $3,100: The credit reporting changes primarily removed smaller balances. As a result, the average balance of the remaining reported medical bills increased.

Is it a HIPAA violation to send medical debt to collections? ›

Yes, healthcare providers can share protected health information (PHI) with debt collectors under specific circ*mstances without violating HIPAA. Debt collection is considered a payment activity under HIPAA, so sharing necessary information with debt collectors is permitted.

What is a goodwill deletion? ›

A goodwill letter, sometimes called a forgiveness removal letter, is essentially a letter you write to your creditor that nicely asks for them to remove a negative mark from your credit reports. Writing a goodwill letter to a creditor is fairly easy and is definitely something you can do for DIY credit repair.

What is the new debt collection rule? ›

The FDCPA and Regulation F set forth broad prohibitions on using unfair, unconscionable, false, deceptive, misleading, harassing, abusive or oppressive practices or means to collect a consumer debt.

How long do closed accounts stay on your credit report? ›

Accounts closed in good standing may stay on your credit report for up to 10 years, which generally helps your credit score. Those with adverse information may remain on your credit report for up to seven years.

What happens if you don't pay a medical bill under $500? ›

However, it can drag down your credit score for up to seven years. That said, medical debt under $500 shouldn't impact your credit at all. That's thanks to credit reporting changes that went into effect in April 2023.

How long until a medical bill goes to collections? ›

‍Hospital bill collections cannot legally start until 120 days after the hospital first sent you your bill, or the “statement date” printed on your bill. If your hospital is billing you for multiple procedures, the 120 days starts ticking from the statement date on the bill for your most recent procedure.

Is medical debt no longer on credit report? ›

Effective July 1, 2022, paid medical collection debt is no longer included on U.S. consumer credit reports.

What is the law on unpaid medical bills in Texas? ›

Under Texas laws, the statute of limitations on medical bills debts is 4 years. This means that if your healthcare provider does not initiate a lawsuit within 4 years, they cannot sue you to recover your unpaid balances.

Is it a HIPAA violation to send medical bills to collections? ›

Yes, healthcare providers can share protected health information (PHI) with debt collectors under specific circ*mstances without violating HIPAA. Debt collection is considered a payment activity under HIPAA, so sharing necessary information with debt collectors is permitted.

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